Abstract The physical and chemical properties of multifunctional materials have been extensively studied in the last few years especially the mechanical and tribological applications and less attention has taken the electrical and optical properties. Therefore, in this work presents the growth of (Al, Ti, Si)N films deposited on common glass substrates with a maximum thickness of 1024 nm, via reactive DC magnetron sputtering, to analyze the influence of the silicon content on their crystallographic structure, optic and electric behavior. The microstructure of the films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The films morphology was evaluated through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The optical measurements were carried out by means UV-vis spectroscopy, and the electrical properties were analyzed using a four-point probe. XRD analysis indicated that the films changed from a crystalline phase to an amorphous phase, and the electrical and optical response indicated that the films with higher Si content have l223.6 Ω.cm of resistivity with an energy gap of approximately 1.0 eV and an optical energy gap of 1.5 eV. This electrical property has not been previously reported in these films.

We present an experimental study of the structural evolution of a bilayer V X NbY C Z /Bix TiY O Z coating produced via thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) and the RF sputtering process on D2 steel substrate. The TRD treatments were carried out in a molten mixture consisting of borax, ferro-niobium, ferro-vanadium, and aluminum, at 1313 K for 3 hours, using a resistance-heating furnace. BiX TiY O Z coatings were deposited using RF magnetron sputtering on TRD coatings, in order to carry out a study of the corrosion behavior of this compound. The crystallographic structure of the coatings was determined via X-ray diffraction (XRD), the corrosion resistance was analyzed through the po-tentiodynamic polarization test (Tafel Extrapolation) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis (EIS). XRD patterns showed that the ternary coating (VNbC2) was preferentially oriented along the [200] direction with a cubic-centered face structure, and the BiX TiY O Z coatings were amorphous. The electrochemical studies showed that the resistance corrosion of the coatings increased with respect to the bare substrate, and that polarization resistance in the bilayer coatings increased with respect to the ternary coatings, suggesting that the titanate has anticorrosive barrier effects.

In this work we present the results obtained from the deposition of nano-structured bismuth coatings through DC pulsed unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The coatings were grown on two substrates: silicon and AISI steel 316 L. The microstructure of the Bi coatings grown on silicon and the corrosion resistance of the Bi coatings grown on AISI steel were evaluated. The microstructure was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the corrosion resistance was characterized by means of polarization potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Finally the morphology ofthe coatings was evaluated through scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis indicates that the coatings are polycrystalline; the corrosion resistance tests indicate that the films with better corrosion resistance were deposited at 40 kHz. SEM micrographs show that the coatings are grown as granular form.

New generation PVD coatings for industrial applications include the niobium nitride (NbN) due to its excellent properties such as high chemical inertness, excellent mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, high melting point, and a superconducting transition temperature around 16 K. In this work we reported the results the study of corrosion and erosion effect on niobium nitride coatings deposited on AISI304 stainless steel using unbalanced and balanced magnetron sputtering and then it were compared to the uncoated tool steel substrate. The corrosion-erosion experiments were studied in a test machine varied the different velocities and impact angles of the erodent particles. The slurry used consists of quartz particles suspended in a mixture of 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution and 3.5% NaCl, whit cathodic protection. The film microstructure and chemical composition were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the erosion-corrosion resistance of the coated samples was found to be superior to that of the uncoated sample and the wearing mechanisms on the coating and the steel depending on the impact angle and the impact velocity of erodent particles. Possible reasons for such behavior are described in this paper.

En la nueva generación de recubrimientos de uso industrial se incluye el nitruro de niobio (NbN) debido a sus propiedades fisicoquímicas tales como: alta conductividad eléctrica, buenas propiedades mecánicas, alto punto de fusión e inercia química y además por ser un superconductor con temperatura crítica de 16 K. En este trabajo se reporta el efecto del sinergismo corrosión y erosión sobre recubrimientos de NbN depositados sobre acero inoxidable 304 y silicio usando los sistemas de sputtering con magnetrón balanceado y desbalanceado. Los experimentos de erosión-corrosión se estudiaron en un sistema que varió la velocidad y el ángulo de impacto de las partículas de erosión. Para ello se utilizó un lodo de partículas de SiO2 en una solución de 0,5M de H2SO4 + 3,5% NaCl y una concentración de 30% en peso de partículas de SiO2. La microestructura, morfología y composición química de las películas fueron analizadas con difracción de rayos X (DRX), microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y espectroscopia de fotoelectrones generados por rayos X (EFRX), respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que la resistencia a la erosión-corrosión de los recubiertos de NbN fue superior al sustrato y los mecanismos de desgaste sobre el recubrimiento dependen del ángulo de impacto y la velocidad de las partículas de erosión. Posibles razones de este comportamiento son discutidas en este trabajo.

Thin films of zirconium oxynitride were grown on common glass, silicon (100) and stainless steel 316 L substrates using the reactive rf magnetron sputtering technique. The films were analyzed through structural, morphological, and biocompatibility studies. The structural analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the morphological analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These studies were done as a function of growth parameters, such as power applied to the target, substrate temperature, and flow ratios. The corrosion resistance studies were made on samples of stainless steel 316 L coated and uncoated with Zr xNyO films, through of polarization curves. The studies of biocompatibility were carried out on zirconium oxynitride films deposited on stainless steel 316L through proliferation and cellular adhesion. The XRD analysis shows that films deposited at 623 K, with a flow ratio ΦN2/ΦO2 of 1.25 and a total deposit time of 30 minutes grew preferentially oriented along the (111) plane of the zirconium oxyitride monoclinic phase. The SEM analyses showed that the films grew homogenously, and the AFM studies indicated that the average rugosity of the film was 5.9 nm and the average particle size was 150 nm. The analysis of the corrosion resistant, shows that the stainless steel coated with the film was increased a factor 10. Finally; through the analysis of the biocompatibility we established that the films have a better surface than the substrate (stainless steel 316 L) in terms of the adhesion and proliferation of bone cells.

En este trabajo se prepararon películas delgadas de trióxido de molibdeno (MoO3) por la técnica de atomización pirolítica. Las películas fueron depositadas sobre sustratos de vidrio y obtenidas a partir de una solución precursora de Heptamolibdato de Amonio Tetrahidratado ((NH3)6Mo7O(24)4H2O) 0.1 M. La temperatura del sustrato se mantuvo constante en 400 °C y se varío el volumen de la solución precursora. Las muestras se caracterizaron por difracción de Rayos X (XRD), espectroscopía infrarroja, Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM) y eléctricamente a través de medidas de resistividad eléctrica en función de la temperatura. Las muestras crecen con estructura cristalina correspondiente a la fase alfa del MoO3 con dirección preferencial de crecimiento a lo largo de los planos (0k0). Al aumentar el volumen de la solución precursora la superficie de las muestras se vuelve porosa. La resistividad en estas muestras cambia en un orden de magnitud cuando son expuestas a la atmosfera de CO.

MoO3 thin films have been deposited on clean glass slides using the spray pyrolysis technique. The samples were grown with different thicknesses by spraying on common glass substrates a solution of (ammoniummolybdatetetrahydrate) ((NH3)6Mo7O(24)4H2O). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrically through electrical resistivity measurements as a function of temperature. It was found that samples present crystalline structure associated with the alpha phase of MoO3grown with preferential direction of growth along the planes (0k0). As result of increasing the volume of precursor solution sample surface becomes porous. The change in electrical resistance of MoO3 films by exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) at room temperature, makes the films obtained by this technique could be promising in its use in gas sensing devices at room temperature.

Neste trabalho se prepararam filmes finos de trióxido de molibdeno (MoO3) pela técnica de atomização pirolítica. Os filmes foram depositados sob substratos de vidro e obtidos a partir de uma solução precursora de Heptamolibdato de Amonio Tetrahidratado ((NH3)6Mo7O(24)4H2O) 0.1 M. A temperatura do substrato se manteve constante em 400 °C e mudamos o volume da soluçãoprecursora. As mostras se caracterizaram por difração de Raios X (XRD), espectroscopia infravermelha, microscopia eletronica de varredura (SEM) e eletronicamente através de medidas de resistividade elétrica, em função da temperatura. As amostras cresceram com estrutura cristalina correspondente à fase alfa do MoO3, com direção preferencial de crescimento ao longo dos planos (0k0). Ao acrescentar o volume da solução precursora, a superfície da amostra se torna porosa. A resistividade nestas amostras muda numa ordem de magnitude quando são expostas à atmosfera de CO.

Thermal fluctuations in the electric conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7 - delta superconducting thin films grown on Sr2YSbO6 novel substrate materials in the film form were experimentally studied. YBa2Cu3O7 - delta films were grown by using a dc-technique on Sr2YSbO6 substrates, which were produced by rf magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction analysis evidenced that the Sr2YSbO6 films grow on conventional SrTiO3 substrates in a preferential orientation along the (100) planes direction with lattice parameter a=4,43() Å. The YBa2Cu3O7 - delta thin films, grown on Sr2YSbO6 films, exhibit an oriented growth in the (001) crystallographic direction, with lattice constant c=11,65(9) Å. Morphological characterizations were performed by means atomic force microscopy. Experiments of electrical resistivity show that the YBa2Cu3O7 - delta films present a normal-superconducting transition with critical temperature Tc=82,33 K. Fluctuation analysis for the YBa2Cu3O7 - delta thin films were performed by utilizing the concept of logarithmic derivative of the conductivity excess. Above the critical temperature Tc we experimentally determine the occurrence of Gaussian 3D, 2D and fractal fluctuation regimes. A genuinely critical region identified by the exponent lambdaCR=0,35 were obtained close to Tc. This critical regime is effectively described by the 3D-XY model.

Hereby we wish to present the clinical and pathological results of a rare paratesticular sarcome of the spermatic cord. This tumor was a fibrosarcoma in a 55 year old male that started in a most unusual way and developed very quickly. We practised a radical orquitectomy with inguinal ligation of the pedicule without post-operatory therapy. After a 5 year follow up, there is no trace of clinical or radiological recurrence in the region or metastasis. We consider radical surgery to be the only therapeutic alternative, even for cases of fast developing, being in our case a good pronostic.

Presentamos los hallazgos clínicos y patológicos de un sarcoma paratesticular de cordón espermático muy infrecuente. El tumor fue un fibrosarcoma en un varón de 55 años de edad que debutó de forma atípica con un crecimiento rápido. Se practicó orquiectomía radical con ligadura inguinal de pedículo sin terapia postoperatoria. Tras 5 años de seguimiento no hay signos clínicos ni radiológicos de recidiva locorregional ni a distancia. Concluimos que la cirugía radical es la única alternativa terapéutica, aún cuando presente crecimiento rápido, siendo en nuestro caso el pronóstico favorable.

We show a big renal cell carcinoma case in an aged woman with many pathology associated. In view of the family refuse to make the radical surgery and the high surgical risk we decided to apply transarterial embolization treatment with polivinil alcohol particles (PVA). 28 months later the patient becames with no symptoms and with high quality life. We come to the conclusion that embolization is an effective therapeutic for the symptoms control in selectionated cases.

Presentamos un caso de carcinoma de células renales muy voluminoso en una paciente de avanzada edad y con pluripatología asociada. Dada la negativa familiar a realizar cirugía radical y el elevado riesgo quirúrgico se optó por practicar embolización tumoral arterial selectiva con partículas de polivinil alcohol (PVA). Tras 28 meses de seguimiento la paciente resulta asintomática y con excelente calidad de vida. Concluimos que la embolización es una alternativa terapéutica eficaz en el control de la sintomatología para casos seleccionados.